Introduction: the use of digital technology is recognized as a strategy in university educative polices. The objective of this paper is to analyze the innovative sense of the hybrid teaching use by the Basic Biomedical Science Department, in Salvador Allende Medicine Faculty.
Methods: it was developed a descriptive and qualitative investigation, using the case study method. There were used theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historic logic and moving up from the abstract to concrete, and empirical methods: document review and focal group.
Results: it was determined criteria that admit the consideration of the hybrid teaching, by the scholar use of virtual classroom, as teaching departmental innovation.
Conclusions: the introduction of hybrid teaching by the basic Biomedical Science Department, in Salvador Allende Medicine Faculty is a teaching innovation that participate in the digital transformation of medical education.

By Eduardo de Jesús Pomares Bory, Odalys Vázquez Naranjo, Liliam Barrios Herrero, Lourdes Guadalupe Arencibia Flores, Manuela Gilda Bernardo Fuentes

Introduction: A descriptive and exploratory non-experimental study was carried out with the purpose of knowing the characteristics of academic stress generated in Medicine students in the fourth module of the first year in the 2022 generation of the degree in Medical Surgeon of the Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Zaragoza, to determine which are the most relevant factors of academic stress.
Methods: The sample consisted of 200 students of the FES Zaragoza (UNAM). The Systematic Inventory of Academic Stress (SISCO) was used to obtain the data.
Results: It was found that the environmental stimuli most frequently identified as stressors were work overload, teacher evaluations, as well as the character and personality of the teachers. The most frequent stress indicators are sleep disorders, chronic fatigue, and drowsiness. Being thus the most frequently used coping strategies, assertive ability, elaboration of a plan and execution of their tasks as well as self-praise.
Conclusions: It can be concluded that there are differences in the frequency of presentation of the characteristics of academic stress, the importance of these is highlighted, since this will allow implementing some solutions such as the design and implementation of workshops or programs for better stress management in the academic environment with this type of population.

By José Fernando Arellano, Elizabeth Arlen Pineda, María Luisa Ponce, Alejandro Zarco, Irma Araceli Aburto, Diego Ulises Arellano

Access to scientific and scholarly information has become more accessible than ever before, in large part due to the proliferation of scholarly journals that use metadata systems to expose their content. Notable examples of these systems include the Open Journal Systems (OJS) and the Objects of Learning Metadata Protocol (OAI-PMH), which have significantly simplified the dissemination of research online. However, as these platforms have become essential for research publication and dissemination, new needs arise for publishers and scholars. A technological innovation-type study was conducted by generating codes for primary data generation with the ultimate goal of generating graphs for co-authorship networks and co-occurrence of terms. This paper focuses on a solution to this growing demand for enriched information. We will explore how generating graphs from scholarly journal metadata using the OAI-PMH system can address these specific needs. The generation of graphs from scholarly journal metadata using the OAI-PMH system and Python codes offers a powerful and versatile approach to the analysis of scholarly output. This study demonstrates the applicability of this methodology in the generation of keyword co-occurrence networks and co-authorship networks, providing a deeper and more contextual view of scientific publications. The relevance of this application extends to editors of academic journals as well as to scholars and researchers. For publishers, this tool facilitates the effective presentation of their journals, the evaluation of the quality and content of publications, the selection of categories for indexing, and the identification of emerging trends. On the other hand, for academics, this methodology fosters collaboration, enables more advanced bibliometric analyses, facilitates the presentation of results, and supports informed decision-making in their research areas.

By Denis Gonzalez-Argote, Javier Gonzalez-Argote

Introduction: Scientific research is a fundamental pillar in the advancement of Medicine, in such a way that from medical training it is necessary to acquire certain capacities through the implementation of research chairs and different favorable mechanisms towards the collective construction of knowledge. Bibliometrics statistically and quantitatively analyzes publications within a specific research field.
Objective: to characterize the articles on Internal Medicine topics published in the Gaceta Médica Estudiantil magazine in the period from 2020 to January 2023.
Methods: a bibliometric, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out. The universe was made up of 21 published scientific articles. The sampling technique was not used. The variables analyzed were: year of publication, type and topic of the article, career in medical sciences, origin of the author, number of authors, readings, downloads, and bibliographic references. Descriptive statistics, degree of collaboration and the Price index were applied.
Results: the year 2022 presented the highest number of articles published 11 (52.4%) and the highest collaboration rate. Original articles prevailed 11 (52.4%). Articles with 4 authors stood out. The female sex predominated among the authors (35, 51.5%). The Guantanamo University of Medical Sciences stood out with the largest number of authors (22 authors, 32.4%). 974 references were used, 715 of them under 5 years of age.
Conclusions: the importance of the bibliometric study lies in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the Gaceta Médica Estudiantil journal, always with a constructive approach to increase its visibility and meet quality standards.

By Yanier Espinosa Goire, Andy Guillermo Paumier Durán, Marisol Coceras Arias, Cynthia Reyes Flores, Eduardo Enrique Chibas Muñoz

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of music therapy among students of Medicine, Nursing and Kinesiology of the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Business and Social Sciences (UCES) of the City of Buenos Aires in the second semester of 2023.
Methods: Descriptive study, with quantitative and cross-sectional approach. An instrument consisting of 24 closed questions was implemented and answered by 61 students.
Results: The majority were kinesiology students (44.26%). It was found that 83.61% reported knowing what music therapy is and 73.77% considered it safe. The level of knowledge did not show any relationship with gender, age, or profession. The level of knowledge was found to be related to the intention to refer a patient to the music therapy service (p:<0.001). The perception that music therapy helps reduce pain (p:0.006), improves quality of life (p:<0.001), reduces arousal (p:<0.001) and improves emotional expression (p:<0.001) was strongly related to the intention to suggest music therapy treatment.
Conclusions: Students report having a high level of knowledge about music therapy; however, the self-evaluation of this knowledge is categorized as "poor". Knowledge of music therapy treatment and its applications was related to the intention to refer patients to music therapy services in the future. Interventions are suggested to improve the knowledge of future health professionals about music therapy, to allow interdisciplinary work and to favor the benefit of patients.

By Marcela Lichtensztejn, Milagros Benavides, Carla Galdona, Carlos Jesús Canova-Barrios

Objective: to evaluate the execution of distance education in the Accounting and Business Administration majors of a Public University, during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Methods: an investigation was carried out from the positivist paradigm, quantitative, field approach, observational design, descriptive level and cross section, in 23 teachers, the sample obtained by intentional non-probabilistic sampling that met the inclusion criteria.
Results: which showed that the contents met the proposed objectives, the established time and were updated. However, 57% of the teachers reported that there was not high attendance in the virtual classes and the content of the subjects was not met. 100% of those surveyed had a computer, 70% had internet and good connectivity. The most used communication tool was the virtual classroom (61%) and WhatsApp (5%).
Conclusion: The distance educational process was appropriate to the teaching time, teacher-student communication and student participation. However, teachers reported differences in the use of teaching strategies, institutional resources and learning evaluation.

By Carmen Rodríguez-Martínez, José Alvarez-Solano, Ariel D. Pérez-Galavís, Misael Ron

Introduction: the use of digital technology is recognized as a strategic university educative policy.
Objective: to analyse the relevance of the teaching use of virtual classroom by the Basic Biomedical Science Department, in Salvador Allende Medicine Faculty, of Havana Medical University.
Methods: it was developed a descriptive and qualitative investigation, using the case study method. There were used theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, historic logic and moving up from the abstract to concrete, and empirical methods: documentary review and focal group.
Results: criteria were determined that allow accepting the teaching use of the virtual classroom as a departmental teaching innovation that, based on the use of digital technology, it constitutes a transition from the face-to-face teaching toward the hybrid teaching model,
Conclusions: the teaching use of virtual classroom by the basic Biomedical Science Department, in Salvador Allende Medicine Faculty, of Havana Medicine University is a relevant teaching innovation that participates in the digital transformation of medical education.

By Eduardo de Jesús Pomares Bory, Odalys Vázquez Naranjo, Liliam Barrios Herrero, Lourdes Guadalupe Arencibia Flores, Manuela Gilda Bernardo Fuentes

Introduction: Clinical clerkship are a critical element because they provide students with the opportunity to practice what they have learned, so it is important that they view these formative experiences positively.
Objective: To evaluate the perception of clinical clerkship of third year students of the bachelor's degree in nursing at a public higher education institution in the province of Tucumán, in the second quarter of 2023.
Methos: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and quantitative study. The instrument to measure the students' perception of Matheus' clinical clerkship, composed of 24 items, was used. Informed consent was obtained.
Results: 124 students, mostly female (88.71%) and aged between 20 and 29 years (57.26%) were interviewed. Of the respondents, 56.45% rated the teaching performance as positive and 10.48% rated the teaching-learning process as negative. The overall perception of the clerkship was positive in 51.61% of the students.
Conclusion: Perceptions of the clinical clerkship were mostly favorable, and teaching performance was the most highly rated aspect. Older students had a better perception of the clinical clerkship.

By Christian Augusto Santos, Analía Ortigoza, Carlos Jesús Canova Barrios

Objective: To describe the current state of the ethical-humanistic training from the discipline of Medical Psychology, in the Faculty of Medical Sciences of Sancti Spíritus "Dr. Faustino Pérez Hernández".
Methods: Non-experimental, descriptive, cross-sectional, mixed approach study. Sample: non-probabilistic, by strata (10 professors, 8 directors, and 60 students).
Results: The diagnosis showed as strengths: the discipline of Medical Psychology is integrated to the transversality of the ethical-humanistic training in the curriculum of the Medicine career; the education of humanistic values is established as a priority methodological line; the medical-legal curricular strategy is developed; there is exemplarity in the professors of the discipline; the students recognize the importance of the formative process. Weaknesses were found in the direction of the ethical-humanist training from the discipline Medical Psychology and formative needs of the professors to fulfill the demands of the physician's training model; there is still lack of integrative evaluations, with emphasis on skills and modes of action; as well as in the interrelation with the main integrative discipline.
Conclusions: The discipline Medical Psychology has potentialities to expand the ethical-humanistic training of the medical student; managers and students identified with the importance of the improvement of this formative process, however, it was found the lack of a pertinent methodology in its direction, according to the formative needs of teachers and students.

By Yarabel Nápoles Prieto, Gladys Alejandra Rojas Sánchez, Arturo Puga García

Introduction: Death is a process whose diagnosis has varied with historical evolution.
Objective: To demonstrate the different ways of diagnosing death until reaching encephalic death.
Methods: A historical documentary review of the different ways of diagnosing death is carried out.
Results: In ancient times the most important thing was breathing, when a person stopped breathing he/she was dead, then clinical death emerged and the heartbeat took the primary place, when the heart stopped death was diagnosed. At the end of 1950, European neurologists highlighted a stage in which the brain had ceased to function, presenting irreversible damage, but the functions of the heart and lungs could be maintained by artificial means. Mollaret and Goulon, professors at the Claude Bernard Hospital in Paris, in 1959, called this condition "coma dépassé", and clarified that it was a state beyond coma where "a dead brain is associated with a living body", thus the concept of encephalic death emerged and the diagnosis of death began to be made under the prism of the functions of the brain which has allowed the development of organ and tissue transplants.
Conclusions: At present, death can be diagnosed by the cessation of heart functions or by the irreversible cessation of brain functions.

By Ricardo Hodelín Tablada

Introduction: It constitutes an unavoidable need to maintain the complementation of ethics and the Imaging specialty as fundamental sciences during professional practice.
Objective: To describe the role of ethics in the field of Imaging for the proper development of professional practice.
Methods: An electronic search of publications and systematic reviews of the literature was carried out during the months of June and July of the year 2023, in the electronic databases Pubmed, Medline and SciELO, using the Google Scholar search engine, with the descriptors: "ethics and medical ethics", "Imagenology" and "ethics and Imaging". A total of 56 sources in the referred databases were reviewed, of which 31 bibliographic references were used.
Results: Imaging specialists must comply with ethical obligations, like other health professionals, including respect for privacy, medical secrecy, confidentiality, as well as the practice of informed consent. These professionals are exposed to ethical conflicts during their professional practice, so they must be technically and scientifically prepared, which will also allow them to face the ethical dilemma of medico-legal Imaging, during which they must pay special attention to the indication of imaging studies for this purpose, when they do not provide any benefit to the patient.
Conclusions: Imaging specialists who assist in patient care must ensure behavior in accordance with the ethical standards that govern the practice of this profession.

By Guillermo Alejandro Herrera Horta, Zurelys Gutiérrez García, Analiz de Paula Paredes

Introduction: Prenatal diagnosis, as the world widest spread reproductive option, refers to fetus health research methods. Fetal life congenital malformation detection and allowing termination of pregnancy are among its main objectives. An ethical approach, based on respect for people and for confidentiality, avoiding hurt and respecting autonomy, is the key towards optimum genetic counseling.
Objective: to set out some ethical considerations in medical genetics health care practice starting from bioethics fundamental principles, which are linked to prenatal diagnosis and to the genetic counseling process.
Results: Since dealing with issues related to these ethical aspects in medical genetics practice is a relatively new subject that has been influenced by the development of bioethics and the solution to ethical and social dilemmas in medical practice.
Conclusions: In the field of prenatal diagnosis some ethical, social and juridical conflicts could be presented, for that reason doctors should apply on their professional exercise the bioethical principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and not maleficence, which constitute the main rules that regulate their conduct and give then the basis for the reasoning and orientation for their actions during the genetic counseling process.

By Noel Taboada Lugo

Introduction: When referring to the term fraud in scientific research, 3 fundamental modalities of this can be defined that are consistent with the search for studies that are not easily rejected: manipulating data, plagiarism and the creation of non-existent data.
Objective: To describe factors that allow the detection of scientific fraud in research.
Methods: A review of the literature was carried out in the month of December 2023 through access to the databases Scopus, PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo, and the search engine Google Scholar version 2022, with the strategies: ((fraud ) AND (scientific writing)), ((science) AND (plagiarism)) and ((medicine) AND (artificial intelligence) AND (scientific fraud) AND (plagiarism) AND (data invention)) and their translations into the English language , limited the search to the last 5 years –from 2019 to 2023–.
Results: Together with the problem of predatory magazines, the terminology of hijacked magazines has emerged, it is nothing more than that which takes articles, steals names of editors, evaluators or proofreaders, and through its use, sells them to different websites. scientific studies for publication. In real and practical life this phenomenon occurs due to economic motivation.
Conclusions: Fraud in the world of scientific communication ranges from the authors to the editorial committees of the journals, which is why both groups must be educated in 2 fundamental factors, not committing fraud and knowing how to detect it, in order to increase in terms of credibility of current science.

By Lisset Urquiza Portilla

Este artículo se centra en el proceso de mejora en el ámbito educativo, destacando la importancia de la participación de diversos agentes, incluyendo estudiantes, padres, docentes, directivos y otros profesionales de la educación. El proceso de mejora se basa en la revisión y evaluación continua de la práctica educativa, con el objetivo de identificar áreas de mejora y abordarlas de manera efectiva. El artículo describe las diferentes etapas del proceso de mejora, comenzando por la identificación de áreas de mejora a través de la recopilación y análisis de datos. Estos datos se utilizan para elaborar informes basados en evidencia que sirven de base para planificar las mejoras necesarias. Durante la planificación de mejoras, se priorizan las áreas de mejora y se diseñan planes de acción para abordarlas. La aplicación de las mejoras implica la implementación de los planes de acción, con un enfoque en la recopilación de evidencia que permita evaluar el impacto de las mejoras. El proceso de mejora se considera un ciclo continuo, con la revisión y la retroalimentación constante para ajustar y mejorar aún más las prácticas educativas. El artículo también destaca la importancia de la participación de grupos de revisión y mejora en todo el proceso, ya que ayudan a identificar problemas, necesidades y áreas de mejora, así como a tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia. Se mencionan varias técnicas y herramientas, como la lluvia de ideas, la guía de revisión, los perfiles temporales y los diagramas causa-efecto, que se utilizan en el proceso de recopilación y análisis de datos. En conclusión, se subraya la importancia de un enfoque basado en evidencia en el proceso de mejora educativa, con la participación activa de múltiples partes interesadas y la retroalimentación constante para lograr una educación de mayor calidad. El proceso de mejora se describe como un ciclo continuo de identificación de áreas de mejora, planificación, aplicación y revisión, con el objetivo de optimizar la práctica educativa y satisfacer las necesidades de los estudiantes y la comunidad educativa en general.

By María de las Nieves Veloz Montano

Introduction: In the digital age, information retrieval is dominated by digital data and the demand for digital media is continually growing, consequently the dynamics are very different and e-journals can take advantage of this transition phase as an opportunity to explore ways more effective.
Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in the main databases and other search services. The terms “interactive formats”, “data visualization”, “interactive graphics”, “scientific publication” were used as search descriptors.
Results: An interactive publication could contain many multimedia objects: text, video, audio, bitmap images, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, or animation sequences. These objects can be in different file formats. Interactive media can be defined as the integration of various digital media content, including multimedia elements (text, graphics, audio, animation and video) into structured and engaging computerized digital content, facilitating dynamic interaction for specific purposes. An interactive approach is interesting and desirable, because users will get dynamic reactions. They have been revealed and demonstrated that the use of 3D technology for academic publications is useful and necessary. However, widespread application is yet to come. The new academic contexts can serve as a starting point for many scientific journals to redefine their position and open new fields of dissemination and financing.
Conclusions: Scientific journals must take advantage of the new virtual scenarios to reorganize their communication processes and face new formats of scientific dissemination.

By Jhossmar Cristians Auza-Santiváñez, José Alejandro Carías Díaz, Oscar Angel Vedia Cruz, Sara Milca Robles-Nina, Carlos Sánchez Escalante, Blas Apaza Huanca

Introduction: UNESCO defines Open Educational Resources (OER) as freely accessible and adaptable educational materials, whose integration in education, especially in post-pandemic times and in the digital era, has been limited, despite the efforts of institutions such as the Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza to promote their use in hybrid and flexible teaching modalities. This study analyzes the transformation of higher education in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the integration and impact of Open Educational Resources (OER) and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT).
Methods: A literature review and analysis of current educational practices in universities was conducted, with special attention to the adoption of OER and the use of hybrid and digital teaching methodologies.
Results: The results indicate that, despite the accessibility and adaptability of OER, their adoption in university education has not been extensive, mainly attributed to lack of knowledge about their use and potential. The pandemic has accelerated the need to adapt pedagogical strategies, highlighting the importance of interaction and collaboration in learning. Maker pedagogy and 3D printing are identified as valuable tools to improve understanding and practical skills, especially in the health sciences.
Conclusion: The study concludes that post-pandemic education requires an adaptive, interactive and technologically integrated approach, promoting continuous learning and adaptation to changing cultural and cognitive practices. It underscores the need to democratize design and manufacturing technologies and to foster collaborative and participatory learning communities through OER.

By José Antonio Jerónimo Montes

The study addresses the importance of data visualization (DV) in today's society, and its role in the effective communication and interpretation of data in various sectors. The cognitive nature of DV and the impact on decision making were analyzed. Likewise, different DV techniques and applications in fields such as healthcare, business management, scientific research, and academia are explored. Concrete examples of the application of DV in business management, scientific research, journalism, media, politics and government management are provided; and highlights the usefulness in each of these contexts. In addition, various tools and software that are widely used for VD are mentioned.

By Carlos Rafael Araujo Inastrilla